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Duruflé Requiem [2024-03-01]

Subject:
Duruflé Requiem, and other pieces
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Year:
2024
Date:
March 1st, 2024
Text content:

;‘¥~-tMezzosop;.
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Ewbank’s %

Jonathan Dove

Bless the Lord, O my soul

Seek Him that Maketh
the Seven Stars

Louis Vierne

Carillon de Westminster

(Organ Solo)
Arvo Part

Rihards Dubra

Eriks ESenvalds
Charles-Marie Widor

The Beatitudes
O Crux Ave
Trinity Te Deum
Sing!

(arr. David Willcocks)
Rebecca Leggett

Thomas NieBer

Mezzo-Soprano
Baritone

Jonathan Hennessey-Brown

Cello

George Castle

Organ

Vivace Chorus
Conductor: Jeremy Backhouse

Concert Programme
Bless the Lord, O my soul
.

Jonathan Dove (b. 1959)

Jonathan Dove's piece was written
for the Eton College Old Choristers'
Association to celebrate more than

five hundred years of “joyful praise
of Almighty God", and its text, the

first

four

verses

of

Psalm

104,

exploits the gift for drama that has

given

international success to

stage

works,

including

his
the

community opera The Monster in the
Maze

and

the

Glyndebourne

Photo © Marshall Light Studio ~ commission Flight.
The Psalm imagines God as a lord of the elements, arraying
himself in light and building a sky-palace whose walls are the
tent of stars and whose foundations are laid on the waters either the sea, or the eternal cataracts above that replenish

the

earth.

He

rides

on

the

clouds

as

a

chariot,

like

a

conquering king, and his servants are the air and the fire.
Dove

animates

the

text with

sensational energy,

skilfully

controlling pace and volume so that the description of the

‘flaming fire" and the shattering chord at the end have a
magnificent

cumulative

effect.

It

begins with

exhilarating

flourishes on the organ (“brilliant" is Dove's instruction in the
score) and ahs of wonder from the choir above an emphatic
accompaniment indicating God's ebullient power. Broad rising
phrases then bless the Lord while the organ seems to mark
time, urgently waiting for its next surge of activity.
The wonders of God's garment of light and his universe-wide

dwelling-place are conveyed in staggered choral entries and
2

Vivace Chorus

mysterious, radiant harmonies, then excitement rises in a series

of triplets until more brilliant flourishes propel the splendid
finale as God strides along on the wings of the wind and
launches his ministers of flame.

Ah, Bless the Lord, O my soul,
Who coverest thyself with light as with a garment,

Who stretchest out the heavens like a curtain,

Who layest the beams of his chambers in the waters,

Who maketh the clouds his chariot,
Who walketh upon the wings of the wind,
Who maketh his angels spirits, his ministers a flaming fire!

Carillon de Westminster

Louis Vierne (1870-1937)

(Organ solo)
Vierne was a man of heroic dedication
and

achievement.

Visually

impaired

from

birth,

he was taught

by César

Franck

at

the

Institut

Jeunes

Aveugles

Charles-Marie
Conservatoire,

in

National
Paris

Widor

and

at

des
by

the

becoming a dedicated

teacher and Widor's assistant at the
great Church of Saint-Sulpice. During

his thirty-seven year tenure at Notre
Dame de Paris he began the long and

difficult task of securing funding for,
and carrying through, the restoration of
the organ, as well as travelling widely to give recitals. He died
at the console in Notre Dame having almost completed his

1750th recital there, with his friend and colleague Maurice
Duruflé at his side.
Vivace Chorus

3

During his travels Vierne gave a recital on the Grand Organ at
Westminster

Cathedral,

a

mighty Willis

instrument

still

in

development in the biggest Roman Catholic church in Britain.
An

anecdote

hummed

says

the

that the

“changes’

organ-builder,

of

the

Henry Willis

quarter-bells

in

I,

the

parliamentary clock tower, with a slight mistake (easily made,
as the sequences are more complex than they seem despite
their

familiarity)

-

and

Vierne

improvised

on

them,

later

publishing the work as part of a set of pieces de fantaisie.
It has a characteristically French elegance and wit, with plenty

of opportunity for virtuosic display and a climax that builds to
an

extended

outpouring

of

unrestrained

and

confident

grandeur.

The Beatitudes

Arvo Part (b. 1935)
This stunningly beautiful setting of

the

opening

verses

of

Jesus's

Sermon on the Mount is one of

the

first

works

that

the

great

Estonian composer created to a
text in English. Written in 1990, the

year after the fall of the

Berlin

Wall, and revised in 1991, the year

of Estonia's formal declaration of

independence
collapsing
emerges

from

Soviet
in

all

the

Union,
its

it

clarity,

directness and emotional integrity from years of social and
artistic repression. Part grew up from the age of four under
Soviet control, met hostility to his interest in “foreign” musical

influences,
4

experienced

a

religious

conversion

from

Vivace Chorus

Lutheranism to Orthodox Christianity, and undertook a long
period of profound study of Gregorian chant and mediaseval

and Early Modern polyphony as part of major changes in his
musical language. From this multiplicity of explorations and
influences emerged a masterpiece of devotional music.
The music scholar and violinist Timothy Judd says of this work
that “mirroring the text, the music takes on the quality of a
meditative recitation”, focusing the mind on the moral and
spiritual meaning of Jesus's “blessings’ as the verses slowly
rise in pitch and volume in a series of spellbinding chromatic
shifts.

Between the verses, deep, subdued pedal notes on the organ
gravely mark out the progress from a harmonic “centre’ on F

minor to a glorious C# minor on the final "Amen” Biblical
commentators have shown that the Beatitudes signify more
than a promise of reward for virtuous behaviour: they are an

assurance that "blessedness"’ is an achieved state for those

who open their hearts to God and to mankind, and Part's piece
can be seen as enacting the contemplation of and the
progress towards this state.

As the voices end their transformative journey the organ bursts
in

dramatically

chords" (Meurig

with

“a

flurry

of

broken

quintuplet

Brown in a sleeve-note for the Hyperion

recording) that “rapidly hurls the music back down ..", so that it
ends in the tonality of F minor in which it began.

One commentator points out that this gives the music the
shape of an arch — maybe the great arc of spiritual authority on
which Part believes that Jesus's authority is built, or maybe an
image of the need to rise, with focus and discipline, again and
again into the transcendent world through the practice of
meditation. “Time has a deep meaning,’ he said, "but it is
temporary, like our lives. Only eternity is timeless”
Vivace Chorus

5

Blessed are the poor in spirit:
For theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
Blessed are they that mourn:
For they shall be comforted.
Blessed are the meek:
For they shall inherit the earth.

Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness:
For they shall be filled.

Blessed are the merciful:
For they shall obtain mercy.

Blessed are the pure in heart:
For they shall see God.
Blessed are the peace makers:
For they shall be called the children of God.
Blessed are they which are persecuted for righteousness' sake:
For theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you,

And persecute you,
And shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake.
Rejoice, and be exceeding glad:
For great is your reward in heaven:
For so persecuted they the prophets which were before you.
Amen

6

Vivace Chorus

O Crux Ave

Rihards Dubra (b. 1964)

Like Arvo Part, Rihards Dubra grew

up in a Baltic state - in his case
Latvia - under the control of the
Soviet Union, and therefore in a

culture that proscribed the open

expression

although

of

religious

faith,

Dubra was brought up

privately as a Roman Catholic by
his grandparents. Commenting on
the composer's

music

(which

is

exclusively sacred) Rupert Gough
links this experience of a deeply
personal faith,

combined with

B

a

Photo
© Latvian Music

need to avoid confrontation, to

Information Centre

Dubra’s fundamental enterprise: to find a way of taking his
listeners on an intimate and transformative spiritual journey.
Every aspect of his anthem O Crux Ave shows the imprint of

this: the choice of the a capella (unaccompanied) genre; its

brevity (ust over two
dynamic

(ppp.,

minutes

pianississimo);,

long) and the triple piano
the

emotional

containment

suggested

by
its
moderate,
steady
pulse
and
lucid
homophonic harmonies; even the compression of the text,
with its many repetitions of short phrases.

For Dubra these are a source of strength. He said that he did
not want to illustrate or expound a devotional text, but to work

on the emotions of his listeners at an even deeper level, and
the reserved nature of his musical language here gives the
work an eloquent simplicity that appeals directly to the heart.
.

This style is touchingly appropriate for the ancient Latin text. It

belongs

to

Vivace Chorus

the

tradition

of

‘“affective

piety”,

in

which

a

7

technique of religious meditation is powered by the intensely

emotional, but also profoundly inward, contemplation of the
physical sufferings of Jesus or the Christian saints, as an aid to
repentance and spiritual renewal.
The phrase hoc passionis tempore, “in this time of suffering” or

".. of the Passion”, shows that the text was originally written to
be sung at Passiontide,
and

settings

of the

the days leading up to Good Friday,

hymn were

performed

in

large-scale

ceremonies venerating supposed relics of the True Cross of

Christ.

For Dubra and his listeners, however, his version remains an
intimate

piece,

tender

and

modest,

and

with

a

curious

circularity in its structure: the final bars seem to lead gently

back to the beginning, as if the music exists in an eternal
dimension of love and reverence.

O Crux ave, spes unica,

Hail, O cross, our only hope

hoc passionis tempore.

in this time of suffering.

Auge piis justitiam

Grant justice to the faithful

reisque dona veniam.

and mercy to those awaiting
judgment.

8

O Crux ave, spes unica,

Hail, O cross, our only hope

hoc passionis tempore.

in this time of suffering.

Vivace Chorus

Trinity Te Deum
ESenvalds,

like

Eriks Esenvalds (b. 1977)
Dubra, was

born

and educated in Latvia, but he was
still in his teens when Soviet power
came

to

an

end

in

1991

By

October 2012 he was in the middle
of his tenure as Fellow Commoner
in Creative Arts at Trinity College,

Cambridge,

at the

heart

of the

academic and musical life of the
great university.
On hearing his setting of the Te
Deum, written in celebration of the

installation of Sir Gregory Winter as
Master.

Esenvalds's

falleyoi

Photo © Office of the Nordic

Council
of Ministers
in Latvia

composer Gabriel Jackson described it as “a reimagining in
ESenvalds's terms of the Anglican tradition

of ceremonial

music for a grand occasion’, and the robust confidence of the
piece

bears

this

out,

effortlessly

incorporating

a

section

marked alla canzone popolare scozzeze - “in the manner of a
Scottish

folksong”

supplication

-

of the

and

ending

full

Te

not with

the

penitential

text

me

never be

Deum

(let

confounded) but with three blasts of Holy, Holy, Holy!
A careful and adaptive musical craftsman, ESenvalds worked
closely with the Trinity choir and organ scholars to exploit the
warm, crisp acoustic of the College chapel, which had just

been analysed and enhanced (principally for speech) with a
sophisticated

sound

reinforcement

system.

Magnificent

trumpet flourishes, originally scored for a brass ensemble,
introduce rousing shouts of praise, subsiding to gentleness on
the words Lord God of Sabaoth (rather unexpectedly, as this

Vivace Chorus

9

means “Lord God of armies”), then rising in waves of power

before descending again as the text moves on to the Son and
the Holy Ghost.
ESenvalds has a compelling control of dynamic and musical
texture, constantly varying the emotional impact of the piece.

The

‘folksong"

passage

is

introduced

by

a

mysterious

sequence on the organ, originally ornamented by a line for

harp, and dances along with a luminous, soaring delicacy as
the upper voices relate Jesus's Incarnation and Resurrection,
underpinned by the wordless harmonies that flow beneath. A
mesmerising, tranquil vision of Heaven seems about to fade

into the distance, but the organ suddenly swells into power,
and the work ends in shouts of triumph.
We praise thee, O God: we acknowledge Thee to be the Lord.
All the earth doth worship Thee, the Father everlasting.
To Thee all Angels cry aloud:

the Heavens and all the powers therein,
To Thee Cherubim and Seraphim continually do cry,

Holy, Holy, Holy: Lord God of Sabaoth;
Heaven and earth are full of the Majesty of Thy Glory.
The glorious company of the Apostles praise Thee.

The goodly fellowship of the Prophets praise Thee.
The noble army of Martyrs praise Thee.
The holy Church throughout all the world doth acknowledge Thee,

The Father of an infinite Majesty;
Thine honourable, true, and only Son,
Also the Holy Ghost, the Comforter.

Thou art the King of Glory, O Christ.
10

Vivace Chorus

Thou art the everlasting Son of the Father.
When Thou tookest upon Thee to deliver man,
Thou didst not abhor the Virgin's womb.

When Thou hadst overcome the sharpness of death,
Thou didst open the Kingdom of Heaven to all believers.
Thou sittest at the right hand of God in the glory of the Father.
We believe that Thou shalt come to be our Judge.

We therefore pray Thee, help Thy servants
Whom Thou hast redeemed with Thy precious blood.

Seek Him that Maketh

Jonathan Dove (b. 1959)

the Seven Stars
In Bless the Lord,

O my soul

Dove dramatizes God

as a

mystically elemental power, but in Seek Him that Maketh the

Seven Stars he is a loving Lord of the seasons who guides and
sustains the Pleiades and Orion, the constellations whose
yearly rising and setting defined the most important points in
the life-cycle of the ancient world - the times to sow and
harvest, and to venture under sail onto the turbulent waters of

the Mediterranean.
He uses shimmering, twinkling figures (marked bright, starlike)

high

up

in

the

organ

accompaniment,

set

against

radiantly throbbing phrases in the voice to create a beautifully
hypnotic
Vivace Chorus

image of the starry sky,

a fascinating

union

of
11

delicacy and strength. He said in a note that he thought this
would have a special meaning for visual artists, and the piece
was commissioned for the Royal Academy of Arts's annual
Service for Artists.

The voices then seem to soar, swoop and hover, gliding
through the shining depths of sky in search of the God of

harmony and repose: in Dove's words, “the refrain Seek him
starts in devotional longing but is eventually released in a

joyful dance, finally coming to rest in serenity".
Seek him that maketh the seven stars and Orion.
Seek him that turneth the shadow of death into the morning.
Alleluia, yea, the darkness shineth as the day,

Sing!

Charles-Marie Widor (1844-1937)

arr. David Willcocks (1919-2015)
Widor's

Toccata

originated

as the

fifth and final movement of his fifth
organ

symphony

organ

alone),

and

(composed

its

for

energetic

brilliance and virtuosic demands on
the player have made it one of the

Tk

R

Charles-Marie Widor

:

best known “display” pieces for the

instrument.

After it was used as a recessional at the wedding of Princess
Margaret in 1960 it became enormously popular, so that when
Sir David Willcocks added choral parts to the score under the

title Sing! he was building on a long-established affection for a
12

Vivace Chorus

popular classic. The good-humoured, high-spirited nature of
the enterprise comes through in Willcocks's dedication of the
piece to the organist at the first performance: “.for Jane Watts,
who triumphed against 4000 voices at the Royal Albert Hall,

London, England on Sunday 11 July 1999"
Widor's original score is played complete, while the voices
embellish it by doubling melodies or harmonies. Willcocks
wrote his own text, a free adaptation of familiar motifs from the
Book of Psalms, but given a contemporary twist - God is the

fount of love; friend, protector, guide.
The exhilarating result is a genial tribute from a fine English

conductor,

composer, teacher,

academic administrator and

popularizer of music (and a patron of Vivace Chorus until his
death
French

in
in

2015) to a celebrated work that is
spirit

-

exuberant,

sophisticated,

unmistakably
dynamic

and

elegant, and all within a span of six minutes.

Sing we praise to God, who reigns above;

God, the fount of love;
Friend, protector, guide; ever by our side;

Let us all our voices raise and sing to God a_ joyous hymn of praise.
Sing praise, hallelujah, sing praise.
Sing we praise to God, who reigns above;
Sing we praise to God, the fount of love;

Sing we with joy,
O sing, hallelujah, sing with joy, O sing;
Sing we praise to God, who reigns above;

Vivace Chorus

13

God, the fount of love;
Friend, protector, guide; ever by our side;
Let us all our voices raise and sing to God a joyous hymn of praise.

Sing praise, hallelujah!

Programme notes © Jon Long 2024

Interval
(20 minutes)

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14

Vivace Chorus

Requiem, Opus 9

Maurice Durufle (1902-1986)

“That

night

in

the

dormitory

|

sobbed on my bed’, wrote Durufle,
remembering how, at the age of ten,
he had been taken by his father to
the cathedral choir school in Rouen

and left there, without warning, to
be educated in the rigorous musical
traditions

of the

Roman

Catholic

Church. Yet years later he saw this

desolating event as the beginning of
a glorious new phase in his life: the
sympathetlc Master of Choristers cheered the lonely boy by
describing how he would now dedicate himself to music, take
part in the sumptuous ceremonies of the cathedral, and one
day learn to play the organ - the foundations on which
Duruflé's magnificent achievement was to be built. "A great
page opened before me’, the composer recalled, in a moment
of rhetorical expansiveness and enthusiasm.
The metaphor that he used
IS

interesting.

the

It

grand

suggests

illuminated

Mass-books of the Middle
Ages,

in

dark

plainchant

which

rising

and

centre

of

the

firm,

notation,

falling

in

the

page

to

represent the austere

but

the

flexible line of the chant, is
often

surrounded

by

beautiful decorative imagery from the natural world: delicate
flowers,

fruits

Vivace Chorus

and

leaves,

stars

and

planets,

lively

and
15

engaging creatures of the wild, and the occasional elegant or
grotesque human figure, all lovingly painted and richly gilded.
A serious devotional point is being made in these complex
works of art: the loveliness of God's creation is complementary
to the comeliness of the liturgical text, each “world" reflecting
and echoing the other on the page, and embodying the same
search for order and beauty as motivated the craftsmen who
constructed the manuscript and the dedicated musicians who
would bring it to life in God's service.
We could draw on this artistic interaction to interpret the

relationship between the different elements that are integrated
in Duruflé's great Requiem. It is famous for its fusion of a
groundwork

of

developments

plainchant

in

French

themes

music

with

powered

the
by

exquisite

Paul

Dukas

(Duruflé's teacher at the Paris Conservatoire, and a life-long
influence), Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel. Duruflé once
said that he "adored” Debussy's Prélude a lapres-midi d'un

faune, and "adorer” is arguably a much stronger word in French
than its English equivalent.
The

musician

and

critic

Robert

Hugill has written

of the

Requiem that "around the plainchant Duruflée wove a gorgeous
tissue of sound,

unifying disparate elements with sensual

harmonies and seductive scoring”. Hugill was commenting on
the

version

that

includes

an

orchestra,

but

the

score

performed this evening, written for chorus, two soloists, cello
obbligato and organ, sustains this musical opulence through

Duruflé's

glorious

writing

for

the

chorus,

his

careful

specification of the organ stops that will best develop the
blend

of

sound,

and

above

all

through

the

fascinating

interweaving of the timeless eloquence of plainsong with the

vibrant

harmonic

colours

and

complex

textures

of

20th

century French music.

16

Vivace Chorus

In his programme notes Duruflé was clear about the devotional

purpose of the Requiem. “[It] is not an ethereal work which
sings of detachment from earthly worries; it reflects, in the
immutable forms of Christian prayer, the agony of man faced

with the mystery of his end" (his word is angoisse, “anguish’, a
reminder that Durufle was only three years older than JeanPaul Sartre and lived very much in the same intellectual world).
For

Durufle,

however,

the

Christian

religion

resolves

this

‘agony’.
Like his great predecessor Fauré he ends his work with the

believer's

approach

to

Heaven:

“In Paradisum

[marks]

the

ultimate answer of Faith to all questions by the flight of the soul
to Paradise” He said that his Requiem was “often dramatic, or

filled with resignation, or hope or terror, just as larel the words

of Scripture themselves, which are used in the liturgy. It tends
to

translate

human

feelings

before

their

terrifying,

unexplainable or consoling destinies”. The score is in effect a
narrative of redemption, realized in music of enormous power
and subtlety and sustained over 45 minutes until it comes to
rest in reconciliation and peace.
Introit - Requiem aeternam; Kyrie

The elegantly flowing organ part gently supports the voices,
which seem to float on the rippling sound. At first the basses
and tenors are like priests or monks asking the Lord to grant
rest to the souls of the dead, then the wordless harmonies of
the higher voices resolve into pleas for light to shine on them,
and the texture becomes radiant and stirring on the word

perpetua before dying away. Throughout the Requiem Duruflé
varies the emotional “temperature” of the music, and as the
Kyrie ("Lord, have mercy") begins without a break, great waves

of beauty rise and interweave, then fall away as the “Christ,
have mercy" emerges with a more urgent and personal appeal
to Jesus's humanity.
Vivace Chorus

17

Domine, Jesu Christe begins in a sombre mood, with hints of
the ancient four-note Dies Irae ("Day of Wrath") motif. The

prayer is for Jesus to be an active Saviour, using his power to
save souls from the sensationally-imaged torments of Hell the deep lake, the lion's mouth, Tartarus that sucks in and
destroys.
The

pleas

dissonances

of the

chorus

become

insistent,

that

suggest

desperation

and

climaxing

terror.

in

There

follows the noble passage leading to the baritone solo, with
soprano voices first urging that Michael, the archangel who

defeated Satan in person with his squadron of angels, be sent
to lead the redeemed into the world of light, in accordance
with God's promise to Abraham.

The soloist embodies Duruflé's “man in agony" confronting his
destiny, and the moment is dramatized by a contrast between
‘innocent” high sopranos describing the angel, upper voices
recalling the promise, and the desolate Cromorne stop on the

organ with its hollow, reedy sound, introducing the solitary
human voice (Voix humaine is also called for here) crying out

to offer sacrifices and prayers as he speaks for all humankind.
The Sanctus and Benedictus are also built on a dramatic
contrast.

Unlike

Faure,

sequence

of texts

in

who

his

chose

Requiem,

an

almost

Duruflé

identical

includes

the

Benedictus, so that the resplendent praise of God, expressing
his power and the sublime confidence of his worshippers, and
building to a brilliantly theatrical climax,

is followed by a

single, simple Benedictus qui venit ("Blessed is he that cometh
in the name of the Lord"), the acclamation of Jesus's followers

as he arrives in Jerusalem to suffer and save the world. The

brief, touching humility of this comes as a response to the
pleas of the soloist earlier, Saviour and Believer linked by their
shared humanity.

18

Vivace Chorus

The beautiful Pie Jesu is set for a mezzo-soprano, partnered by
a cellist whose melodic line echoes and varies that of the

singer. Duruflé achieves a profound emotional impact by the
simplest means here: it is as if the cello says all that cannot be

said by the voice alone, and vice versa - a contemplative duet
whose subtle interplay achieves a wonderful sense of repose at
the end. The peaceful Agnus Dei sustains the atmosphere of

calm as it leads into the radiant Lux seterna.
This "Eternal Light" movement encapsulates Duruflé's art of
integrating different musical elements, old and new, in the
‘seamless garment” of his score. He has composed an original

melody for the organ, which leads with perfect naturalness into
that of the ancient plainchant, sung by the sopranos while the

lower

parts

harmonize

radiance

of

heavenly

sopranos

and

tenors,

wordlessly

light

is

then

then

altos

beneath.

The

touchingly

and

basses,

steady

evoked

by

singing

the

requiem text in gentle unison on single notes, punctuated and

complemented by the delicate flourishes of Duruflé's lovely
melody.
Libera me and In Paradisum
Marie-Madeleine

Duruflé

said

that

the

last

pages

of

her

husband’'s Requiem should be performed with "‘much use of
dramatic contrast”, “a thousand leagues away from une version
policee et amiable" (difficult to translate, but perhaps “civilized
and well-mannered”).

She

emphasized

that

before

the

In

Paradisum "which opens the gates of eternity, the soul passes

through visions of terror in the face of the flames of Hell".
The Libera me accordingly begins with a long, startling blast of
the trumpet of doom, followed by the uncompromisingly stark
pleas of the basses for deliverance from eternal death. As other
parts join

them

the

pace

accelerates

to

something

like

desperation, and the baritone soloist's line sounds genuinely
Vivace Chorus

19

terrified

as

he

emerges

briefly

from

the

anxious

throng.

Agitation becomes exhaustion, and the high soprano line that

introduces the last of many pleas for rest and release has a
touching pathos as well as hope in its weary supplication.
This prepares superbly for the beautifully poised In Paradisum,
which

dramatizes

specifically

the

longed-for journey

into

Paradise rather than an achieved state of blessedness: all
passion spent, may the souls be led by angels, lifted up by the
martyrs, and at last taken into the heavenly Jerusalem. The

great work ends on an eloquently unresolved chord, as if the
final harmony of forgiveness and acceptance can be heard in
its fullness only beyond our mortal world.
Programme notes © Jon Long 2024

1. Introit
Requiem aeternam dona eis,

Eternal rest give unto them, O

Domine:

Lord,

et lux perpetua luceat eis.

and let perpetual light shine

upon them.
Te decet hymnus, Deus, in Sion,

A hymn, O God, becometh

Thee in Zion;
et tibi reddetur votum in

and a vow shall be paid to

Jerusalem:

Thee in Jerusalem:

exaudi orationem meam,

hear my prayer;

ad te omnis caro veniet,

all flesh shall come to Thee.

Requiem aeternam dona eis,

Eternal rest give unto them, O

Domine:

Lord,

et lux perpetua luceat eis.

and let perpetual light shine
upon them.
Vivace Chorus

II Kyrie eleison
Kyrie, eleison.

Lord, have mercy.

Christe, eleison.

Christ, have mercy.

Kyrie, eleison.

Lord, have mercy.

III Domine Jesu Christe

Choir & Baritone solo

Domine Jesu Christe, Rex

Lord Jesus Christ, King of

gloriee,

glory,

libera animas omnium fidelium

deliver the souls of all the

defunctorum

faithful departed

de poenis inferni et de profundo

from the pains of hell and

lacu:

from the bottomless pit:

libera eas de ore leonis,

deliver them from the lion's
mouth,

ne absorbeat eas tartarus,

that Tartarus swallow them
not up,

ne cadant in obscurum:

that they fall not into
darkness,

sed signifer sanctus Michael

but let the standard-bearer
holy Michael

repraesentet eas in lucem

lead them into that holy light:

sanctam:

Quam olim Abrahae promisisti,

Which Thou didst promise of

et semini eius.

old to Abraham and to his

seed.

Vivace Chorus

Hostias et preces tibi, Domine,

We offer to Thee, O Lord,

laudis offerimus:

sacrifices and prayers:

tu suscipe pro animabus illis,

do Thou receive them on behalf
of those souls

quarum hodie memoriam

of whom we make memorial

facimus:

this day.

fac eas, Domine, de morte

Grant them, O Lord, to pass

transire ad vitam.

from death to that life,

Quam olim Abrahae promisisti, et

Which Thou didst promise of

semini eius.

old to Abraham and to his seed.

IV Sanctus
Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus

Holy, holy, holy,

Dominus Deus Sabaoth.

Lord God of Hosts.

Pleni sunt ceeli et terra gloria tua

Heaven and earth are full of Thy
glory.

Hosanna in excelsis.

Hosanna in the highest.

Benedictus qui venit in nomine

Blessed is He Who cometh in

Domini.

the Name of the Lord.

Hosanna in excelsis.

Hosanna in the highest.

V Pie Jesu

Mezzo-soprano solo

Pie Jesu Domine,

Pious Lord Jesus,

Dona eis requiem.

Give them rest

Pie Jesu Domine,

Pious Lord Jesus,

Dona eis requiem sempiternam.

Give them eternal rest
Vivace Chorus

VI Agnus Dei
Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata

Lamb of God, Who takest

mundi: dona eis requiem.

away the sins of the world,
grant them rest.

Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata

Lamb of God, Who takest

mundi: dona eis requiem.

away the sins of the world,
grant them rest.

Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata

Lamb of God, Who takest

mundi:

away the sins of the world,

dona

eis

requiem

sempiternam.

grant them eternal rest

VII Lux Aeterna

Lux aeterna luceat eis,

May light eternal shine upon

Domine:

them, O Lord,

Cum Sanctis tuis in eeternum:

With Thy Saints for evermore:

quia pius es.

for Thou art gracious.

Requiem aeternam dona eis,

Eternal rest give to them, O

Domine:

Lord,

et lux perpetua luceat eis.

and let perpetual light shine

upon them:
Cum Sanctis tuis in eeternum:

With Thy Saints for evermore,

qQuia pius es.

for Thou art gracious.

VIII Libera Me

Choir and Baritone Solo

Libera me, Domine, de morte

Deliver me, O Lord, from death

aeterna, in die illa tremenda:

eternal in that awful day.

Vivace Chorus

Quando caeli movendi sunt et

When the heavens and the

terra:

earth shall be moved:

Dum veneris judicare saeculum

When Thou shalt come to

per ignem,

judge the world by fire.

Tremens factus sum ego, et

Dread and trembling have

timeo, dum discussio venerit,

laid hold on me, and | fear

atque ventura ira.

exceedingly because of the

judgement and of the wrath
to come.

Quando caeli movendi sunt et

When the heavens and the

terra.

earth shall be moved.

Dies illa, dies irae, calamitatis

O that day, that day of wrath,

et miserize, dies magna et

of sore distress and of all

amara valde,

wretchedness, that great

day and exceeding bitter.
Dum veneris iudicare saeculum

When Thou shalt come to

per ignem.

judge the world by fire.

Requiem aeternam dona eis,

Eternal rest grant unto them,

Domine: et lux perpetua luceat

O Lord, and let perpetual

eis.

light shine upon them.

IX In Paradisum
In paradisum deducant te

May the Angels lead thee

Angeli:

into paradise:

in tuo adventu suscipiant te

may the Martyrs receive

Martyres,

thee at thy coming,

et perducant te in civitatem

and lead thee into the holy

sanctam Jerusalem.

city of Jerusalem.

Vivace Chorus

Chorus Angelorum te

May the choir of Angels

suscipiat,

receive thee,

et cum Lazaro quondam

and with Lazarus, who once

paupere aeternam habeas

was poor, mayest thou have

requiem.

eternal rest

Maurice Duruflé at the Cavaillé-Coll organ of the
Institut National des Jeunes Aveugles, Paris, 1953

Vivace Chorus

25

T

ozart Players

28" April 2024 at 16:30

- Masques efbergamasques

Soloist: Layla Baratto

Oboe Concerto

Conductor: Philip Ellis

Poulenc Sinfonie’étagf'
Ages 21 & under: £5

Box Office: 01932 559400
themenuhinhall.co.uk
surreymozartplayers.com

The Menuhin Hall,

Stoke d’Abernon,
Surrey,
KT11 3QQ

Rebecca Leggett
Rebecca

Mezzo-soprano

Leggett is a 2020

Masters

graduate of the Royal College of Music
and a 2018 graduate of Trinity Laban
Conservatoire. She recently became a
‘Rising Star’ of the Orchestra of the Age
of Enlightenment

(2023/25)

and will

perform Bach's Easter Oratorio with the

group this Spring

at the Southbank

Centre,

as

as

well

various

Bach

cantatas throughout the year. Rebecca

is currently part of the 11t edition of ‘Le
Jardin des Voix', Les Arts Florissant's
young artists programme.

Photo © Olivia Da Costa

This year, she continues to tour a new production of Purcell's

The Fairy Queen with William Christie and Paul Agnew; venues
include the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, The Lincoln Center in
New York, and the Royal Albert Hall. Past concert highlights

include Handel's Messiah with the Instruments of Time and
Truth, Haydn's Nelson Mass with The Sixteen at Cadogan Hall,
Copland's In

the Beginning

at St.

Martin-in-the-Fields

and

Handel's Israel in Egypt at St. John's Smith Square.
Rebecca very much enjoys performing song repertoire and

received first place at the London Song Festival British Art
Song Competition 2022, with pianist George Ireland. She and
George were also finalists in the Kathleen Ferrier Award 2023
at the Wigmore Hall, and the pair plan on touring a Sussex
themed recital throughout the county in 2024/25. Rebecca is

from Sussex and back in 2018 won the Coro Nuovo Sussex
Young Musician of the Year Competition. Last year, Rebecca

performed in an Emerging Artist slot for the Oxford Lieder

Festival with pianist Dylan Perez and gave a joint recital with
Brindley Sherratt for the Ludlow English Song Weekend.
Vivace Chorus

27

Thomas NieBer

Baritone
Welsh-German

read

Music

baritone

and

Thomas

German

at

the

University of Bristol before studying
at the Guildhall School of Music
and

Drama, where

he

graduated

with

a

on

the

distinction

Masters

with

programme.

Professor

He

Janice

Artist

studies

Chapman

and Robert Dean.
He has been making a name for
himself both in the UK and on the
continent and has been praised for
his
voice'

(Cambrian

‘powerful

News)

and

but

richly

‘robust,

toned

immersive

sound’ (Badische Neueste Nachrichten).
Recent

solo

highlights

include

Mendelssohn

Eljah

(Choir

2000), Brahms Ein deutsches Requiem (Bristol Choral Society),

Durufle Requiem (Vasari Singers), Handel Messiah (Trinity Choir,
Fareham),

Elgar

The

Dream

of

Gerontius

and

Walton

Belshazzar's Feast (Vivace Chorus), as well as many operatic
roles.
Thomas is also an experienced choral singer, having been a
member of the National Youth Choir of Wales, where he won
the Keith Griffin Award for Choral Singing.
He has toured with the Marian Consort and the BBC Singers

and is a member of the professional choir at St Bartholomew
the Great, Farringdon. In 2024 he looks forward to performing
Vaughan Williams

Dona

Nobis

Pacem with

the

Guildford

Choral Society and Bach's St John Passion with the Chorus of
Dissent.
28

Vivace Chorus

George Castle
George
took

Organ

Castle's

him

musical

through

education

singing

chorister

at

school

Bedford, where

in

Durham

as

a

Cathedral,

he

also

started to learn the organ, and a year
as

Organ

Scholar

at

Worcester

Cathedral. Following this, he studied
for

a

degree

University,

scholarships
and

in

music

where

he

at

Oxford

held

organ

concurrently

Worcester

Colleges.

at Trinity
Having

graduated in 2008, George returned

Photo © Jim Pascoe

to Worcester Cathedral for four years, where he accompanied

and helped train the various choirs and, from 2011, directed the
Voluntary Choir. He was then Assistant Director of Music at

Winchester Cathedral until 2021. Through his work in cathedral
music, George has been organist for the Southern Cathedrals
Festival in Winchester and was one of the organists for a
number of Three Choirs Festivals between 2005 and 2012.
George is currently a visiting music teacher at The Pilgrims'’
School, Winchester,

and works at Winchester College and

Charterhouse as an organ and piano teacher. He combines this
with a busy freelance career as an organist, continuo player,
repetiteur, accompanist, occasional celesta player, and choral
conductor around the south of England; he is the accompanist

for the Waynflete Singers, one of the regular accompanists for
the Vasari Singers and the musical director of RSCM Voices
West. George has featured on numerous radio broadcasts and

recordings, including playing the organ for some episodes of
Netflix's “The Crown’, and he had a brief spell as a backing artist
in the top 10 of the Italian pop charts. He enjoys medium

calibre books and light calibre canoeing.
Vivace Chorus

29

Jonathan Hennessey-Brown

Cello

Since leaving the Royal College of
Music in 1997, Jonny has spent 26

years as a freelance cellist.
He

has

enjoyed

performing

Placido

Domingo,

Renée

Damon

Albarn,

Cuban

with

Fleming,

Ballet

and

various orchestras around the world,

at venues as diverse as the Dubai
Opera House and a Mexican prison

(and felt more comfortable at the
latter!)
However, this evening marks his last public performance -

Hennessey Brown Music, which fixes orchestras for concerts
and

recordings,

has

become

Jonny's

full-time

job

such

Raphael

Wallfisch,

and

passion.

Representing

artists

as

Emma

Johnson, Pascal Roge and some more up and coming artists
no longer leaves him time to continue with more than one
career.

He can't think of a more fitting farewell occasion than to play

this stunning work with a conductor as kind and genuine as
Jeremy Backhouse, and in a church that means a great deal to
him and his family.
Hennessey Brown Music is putting on a concert to celebrate

International Women's Day, on March 6th at Cadogan Hall in
London

- Jonny would

be

delighted

if any

of tonight's

audience could join him there.

Jonny sees his most important
job to be trying his best to be a
good Dad.

30

Vivace Chorus

Jeremy Backhouse

Conductor

Jeremy Backhouse is one of Britain's
leading choral conductors. He began his
musical career in Canterbury Cathedral
where he was Senior Chorister.
Jeremy has been the sole conductor of the
internationally-renowned chamber choir,

Vasari Singers, since its inception in 1980.
Since winning the prestigious Choir of the

Year competition in 1988, Vasari Singers
has performed regularly at major concert
venues and cathedrals throughout the UK
and

abroad. Jeremy and Vasari Singers
broadcast frequently on Classic FM and
BBC Radio 3 and have a discography of

over 25 CDs on

EMI, Guild, Signum and
Photo © Ash Mills
Naxos. Their recordings have been nominated for a Gramophone
award, received two Gramophone Editor's Choice awards, the top
recommendation on Radio 3's "Building A Library" and two recent

CDs both achieved Top Ten status in the Specialist Classical Charts.
He is totally committed to the performance of contemporary music

and, with Vasari, he has commissioned over 25 new works.

In January 1995 Jeremy was appointed Music Director of the Vivace
Chorus. Alongside the standard classical works, Jeremy has
conducted the Vivace Chorus in some ambitious programmes
including Howells' Hymnus Paradisi, Szymanowski's Stabat Mater,
Mahler's ‘Resurrection” Symphony, Prokofiev's Alexander Nevsky and
Ivan the Terrible, then Mahler's "'Symphony of a Thousand" and Verdi's
Requiem in the Royal Albert Hall with the Royal Philharmonic
Orchestra.

Until July 2022, Jeremy was also the Music Director of the Salisbury
Community Choir. In 2013 the choir celebrated its 21st Anniversary
with a concert in Salisbury Cathedral, premiering a specially-

commissioned work by Will Todd, The City Garden, which they toured
to Lincoln (2014) and Guildford (2015) cathedrals. A new work from
Alexander L'Estrange was premiered in Winchester Cathedral in
November 2018.

Jeremy has also worked with a number of the country's leading
choirs, including the BBC Singers, the London Symphony Chorus,
the Philharmonia Chorus, and the Brighton Festival Chorus,
Vivace Chorus

31

About Vivace Chorus
Jeremy Backhouse

Music Director

Francis Pott

Accompanist

Peter Norman

Chairman

Vivace Chorus is a flourishing, ambitious and adventurous choir
based in Guildford, Surrey. We enjoy singing traditional choral
classics alongside the challenge of contemporary and newlycommissioned

music

-

there's

something

for everyone

at

Vivace!
The choir began in 1946 as the Guildford Philharmonic Choir

and was rebranded as Vivace Chorus in 2005. We have an
enviable reputation for performing first-class concerts across a
wide range of musical repertoire. Particular successes include

a sell-out performance in May 2011 of Mahler's Symphony No. 8,
the "Symphony of a Thousand", at the Royal Albert Hall, a highly
acclaimed

performance in

November 2012 of Britten's

War

Requiem and another Royal Albert Hall success in May 2014
when we performed the Verdi Requiem. In 2017 we celebrated
our 70th birthday with the Philharmonia Orchestra in the Royal

Festival Hall and 2018 saw a sell-out performance at G Live
Guildford for our "Concert for Peace”.
32

Vivace Chorus

On 13t July 2025, we plan to
return to the Royal Albert Hall

again, where we will be joined by

other

local

choirs,

the

Royal

Philharmonic Concert Orchestra

and

internationally-renowned

soloists Nicky Spence and Lucy
Crowe,

to

Daphnis

perform

and

Poulenc's

Ravel's

Chloé

Gloria

Suite,

and

the

spectacular Te Deum by Hector

Berlioz.

Vivace

thrives

exceptional

under

leadership

the

of

Photo
© Ash Mills

our

conductor, Jeremy Backhouse. Jeremy's passion for choral
music and his sheer enthusiasm for music-making are evident
at

every

Francis

rehearsal and

Pott,

who

is

performance.

an

academic

He

is

supported

by

and

composer of
international repute and an accomplished concert pianist who better to accompany our rehearsals?

We have also enjoyed successful European and UK tours,
including trips to France, Italy, Germany, Austria, the Baltic
states and, most recently, northern Spain.
We are always happy to welcome new members, so if you
would like to try us out, do come along to any of our regular
rehearsals on Monday evenings at 7.15 in the Guildford Baptist
Church, Millmead, Guildford.
Just

contact

our

membership

secretary,

Becky Kerby, at
membership@vivacechorus.org or pay a visit to our website,

vivacechorus.org. You can also follow us on Facebook and X

(Twitter) - @VivaceChorus.

Vivace Chorus

33

Vivace Chorus Patrons
The Vivace Chorus is extremely grateful to all patrons for their support.

Honorary Life Patrons
John Britten

John Trigg MBE

James Garrow

Life Patrons
John and Jean Leston

Platinum Patrons
Richard & Mary Broughton

Peter Norman

Amanda Burn

Robin Privett

Humphrey Cadoux-Hudson CBE

David & Linda Ross

Norman Carpenter

Geoffrey Johns & Sheila Rowell

Andrea & Gunter Dombrowe

Catherine & Brian Shacklady

Rosemary & Michael Dudley

Prue & Derek Smith

Geoffrey Forster

Dennis & Marjory Stewart

Susan Hinton

Idris & Joan Thomas

Stephen Linton

Pam Usher

John McLean OBE & Janet McLean

Rob and Susie Walker

Ron & Christine Medlow

Anthony J T Williams

Lionel & Mary Moon

Bill & June Windle

BECOME A VIVACE PATRON
If you have enjoyed this concert, why not become one of our patrons? We

have a loyal band of followers whose regular presence at our concerts is
greatly appreciated. With the valued help of our patrons, we are able to
perform a wide range of exciting music, with world-class, professional
musicians in venues such as G Live, Dorking Halls, the Royal Albert Hall and
the Royal Festival Hall. If you are interested, please contact Anna Arthur by
emailing: patrons@vivacechorus.org.

34

Vivace Chorus

Vivace Chorus Singers
FIRST SOPRANO

Mary Somerville

Anna Williams

Geoff Johns

Sandra Adamson

Valerie Thompson

Fiona Wimblett

Stephen Linton

Maggie Woolcock

Charles Martin

Sel Adamu

Olwyn Westwood

Amelia Atkinson

Chris Wilks

Jan Barklem

Eiri Williams

Helen Beevers
Mary Broughton

Olivia Church
Jo Haviland

Isobel Humphreys
Nicola Kalimeris
Becky Kerby

Fran MacKay

Suzie Maine
Sue Norton

Robin Onslow

Gillian Rix
Sarah Smithies

Joan Thomas
Miriam White
SECOND SOPRANO

SECOND ALTO

Geraldine Allen

FIRST ALTO

Evelyn Beastall

Anna Arthur

Graham Vincent

Tim Wray

Sheena Ewen

FIRST BASS

Barbara Barklem

Liz Hampshire

Paul Barnes

Jackie Bearman

Pauline Higgins

Phil Beastall

Marion Blair

Lois McCabe

Richard Broughton
Richard Dacey

Jane Brooks

Kay McManus

Amanda Burn

Val Morcom

Brian John

Philippa Curtis

Pamela Murrell

Jeremy Johnson

Fiona Davidge

Sonja Nagle

Jon Long

Valentina Faedi

Jo Stokes

Keith McClurey

Lynne Hargreaves

Rosey Storey

Malcolm Munt

Sheila Hodson

Esther Van Rooyen

Chris Newbery

Jean Leston

Alison Vincent

Robin Privett

Lis Martin

June Windle

David Ross

Penny McLaren

Elisabeth Yates

Phil Stanford

Ros Milton

FIRST TENOR

Jacqueline Alderton

Lilly Nicholson

Gill Backhouse

Jackie Payne

Sarah Badger

Elinor Pinnegar

Jane Barnes

Linda Ross

Scarlett Close

Catherine

Ann Fuller

Shacklady

Margaret Kay

Marjory Stewart

Alex Nash

Julia Stubbs

SECOND TENOR

Alison Palmer

Nicola Telcik

Peter Butterworth

Kate Peters

Hilary Trigg

Simon Dillon

Vivace Chorus

Peter Norman

Bob Bromham

Rob Walker
Kieron Walsh

Bob Cowell

SECOND BASS

Andrea Dombrowe

Peter Andrews

Nick Manning

Norman Carpenter

John Trigg

Stuart Gooch

Susie Walker

Nick Gough
Mike Johns

Neil Martin
Chris Peters
Richard Wood

Vivace Chorus dates for your diary
Verdi: Requiem
Saturday 18" May 2024 7:30pm
Vivace Chorus
Liverpool

G Live, Guildford

performs this awe-inspiring

Welsh

Choral

Union

and

piece alongside the

the

National

Symphony

Orchestra. Full of drama and beauty, this is a bumper piece that
raises the roof, shakes the floor and sends shivers down your spine!

We'll be

packing

the

G Live

stage with

200

singers,

a

huge

orchestra, four brilliant soloists and eight off-stage trumpets for this
amazing performance of Verdi's Requiem. This is live music at its

most heart-thumping - you'll kick yourself if you miss it.

Two by Two
Saturday 6" July 2024 4:00pm

Holy Trinity Church, Guildford

Join us for a relaxed afternoon family concert with a nonsense
theme! We'll be singing the fantastic Mr Lear, by Alan Bullard, and
the very popular Captain Noah and his Floating Zoo by Michael

Flanders and Joseph Horowitz. Just an hour long, this is the perfect
Saturday afternoon entertainment for you and the family. Why not
bring your favourite stuffed animal along with you?!

A West End Extravaganza!
Saturday November 16t 2024 7:30pm

G Live, Guildford

Join us and the award-winning Friary Band for another night of
songs from the shows!

Featuring some of the best-loved

songs from hit West End shows, including Guys & Dolls and
Mamma Mia, we bring the glamour, humour and wonderful

music to your doorstep. Don't miss it!

Printed by IMPRINT COLOUR LTD
Pegasus Court, North Lane, Aldershot GU12 4QP. Tel: 01252 330683
Vivace Chorus is a Registered Charity No. 1026337
36

Vivace Chorus

Soprano: Claire Seaton
Mezzo-Soprano: Catherine Backhouse
Tenor: Richard Dowling
ik e

Baritone: Tim Nelson

National Symphony Orchestra

Conductor: Jeremy Backhouse
R

Saturday
18 May 2024
at7.30 pm

GLIVE

L—GUILDFORD
—!

Vivace

Chorus

Tickets £12.50 - £35.00
LIVERPOOL WELSH
CHORAL

0343 310 0055 GLive.co.uk
Registered Charity No. 1026337

REQUIEM

22

a family concert
at Holy Trinity Church
Join us for a relaxed afternoon

May, we will be

]omed by the forces of
“ the Liverpool Welsh
Choral for a magnificent
performance of the

family concert with a nonsense
theme! We'll be singing the
fantastic Mr Lear, by Alan Bullard,
and the very popular Captain
Noah and his Floating Zoo by
Michael Flanders and Joseph
Horowitz. Just an hour long, this

is the perfect Saturday afternoon
entertainment for you and the

family.

Verdi Requiem. With
200 singers, a huge live

orchestra, the iconic Verdi
drum and four fantastic

soloists, this music turns
from the truly terrifying to
the completely sublime,
and is one of the most
crowd-pleasing pieces in
the classical music world.
Book your tickets now for
an unmissable evenlng 's
entertam ent!

16 November 2024
‘,

Alactr

EnA

\ West EndA

Exvédrav/a

Extravat

~NAN T

LALIAVAYdAdI

LA

at GLive
Join us and the award-winning
Friary Band for a night of songs
from the shows! Featuring some

of the best-loved tunes from
hit West End shows, including
Guys & Dolls and Mamma Mia,
we bring the glamour, humour
and wonderful music to your
doorstep. Don’t miss it!

'\

Vivace

7/
:

Friday
1 March 2024
at 7.30 pm

Chorus

Holy Trinity, Guildford High Street.
or furthér detatis and 1o Book go

ta vivacechorus.org